ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2025
Improving the diagnostic performance for prior COVID-19 with T-SPOT, an interferon-gamma release assay.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: The precise diagnosis of a prior COVID-19 infection remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of T-SPOT assays for diagnosing prior SARS-CoV-2 infections by using frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) combined with antibody tests. Methods: The study included 122 participants with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 (the positive control cohort) and 67 participants with no evidence of prior infection (the negative control cohort). Antibody testing was conducted using iFlash-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (YHLO, iF_N) and MAGPIX Results: Antibody tests had similar sensitivities (if_N: 67.2% and Lumi_N: 64.8%) and specificities (>98.4%). The Tspot_N assay demonstrated comparable performance to the antibody tests, with a sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 62.5% (95% confidence interval: 52.0%-72.2%), 98.4% (95% CI: 91.2%-100.0%), and 0.923, respectively. The Tspot_M assay had lower sensitivity (15.3%). The combination of the Tspot_N test and the Lumi_N antibody test significantly improved the sensitivity and AUC to 88.0% and 0.979, respectively ( Conclusion: Frozen PBMCs were useful for performing T-SPOT assays. The combination of T-SPOT assays targeting nucleocapsid protein and antibody tests improved the diagnosis of past SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated participants. These findings suggest that integrating cellular and humoral immunity assays can facilitate COVID-19 prevalence studies.
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