ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
Exploring the relationships between clinical manifestations and sex hormones, thyroid hormones, and menstrual factors in female Parkinson's disease patients.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) affects both sexes, but there are notable differences in its clinical manifestations and management in women. Objective: This study aimed to compare variations in sex and thyroid hormone levels and menstrual factors between postmenopausal women with and without motor complications (PWP-MC and PWP-nMC, respectively) and analyze their correlations with motor complications. Methods: Ninety-five Postmenopausal Women with Parkinson's Disease (PWP) provided data on age at menarche, age at menopause, menstrual cycle duration (interval between cycle starts (days)), total years of menstruation (menopausal age - age at menarche), thyroid disease history, and gynecological surgical history. Six sex hormones and seven thyroid function indicators were measured, followed by an analysis of the relationships among sex hormone levels, thyroid function, menstrual factors, clinical characteristics, and disease severity in PWP. The effects of sex hormones and menstrual factors on motor complications in PWP were also investigated. Results: The results revealed several key findings: (1) PWP-MC exhibited lower serum prolactin levels than PWP-nMC ( Conclusion: These findings suggest that the occurrence of motor complications in PWP may be correlated with prolactin, T3, and FT3 levels. Additionally, attention should be given to thyroid function and serum T3, T4, FT3, and FT4 levels in PWP, as lower levels may be associated with more severe motor symptoms, higher H-Y stages, and poorer cognitive function. Furthermore, older age at onset was inversely associated with motor complications in PWP, whereas a longer disease duration and higher NMSS score are risk factors.
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