Perceptions and recommendations of multiparas and health-related professionals on appropriate birth intervals: A descriptive qualitative study.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the perceptions and recommendations of multiparas and health-related professionals regarding appropriate birth intervals (BIs) and key determinants. Methods: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted between April 1 and June 30, 2022. Nine multiparas and thirteen health-related professionals were purposefully sampled until data saturation was reached. A thematic analysis approach was applied to the interview transcripts, utilizing dual independent coding and consensus validation in NVivo 12.0. Results: The data generated two overarching categories: 1) balanced decision-making on the appropriate birth intervals and 2) internal and external determinants integrated with health and societal considerations. Four key themes emerged following the two categories: 1) consistency and discrepancy between the actual and recommended birth intervals of multiparas; 2) health- and development-oriented professional recommendations; 3) internal determinants related to individual-level factors; and 4) external determinants related to child-related factors, family support, and social security. Weighing women's reproductive health and career development, multiparas and health-related professionals perceived a length between 18 and 36 months as the appropriate BI. Conclusion: Multiparas and health-related professionals shaped their balanced recommendations on a relatively appropriate birth interval ranging from 18 to 36 months, which was influenced by women's individual-level factors, child-related factors, family support, and social security. Targeted social and healthcare services should be offered to women and their families during the BIs.