SynthesisAnnals of medicine2025
Estimating global prevalence of gallbladder stones in general population from 2000 to 2024: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Age-Associated Differences in Ductal Involvement in Biliary Lithiasis: A Consecutive MRCP Cohort Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Lipid metabolism and gallstone disease risk: a multicenter study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundGallbladder stones (GS), is one of the most common and costly of all the gastrointestinal diseases. However, global prevalence estimates of GS remain heterogeneous due to methodological variations across studies, and consensus on risk factor hierarchies is still evolving. Therefore, we performed current study in order to estimate the global prevalence of GS. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were analysed
resultsOf 18,277 identified records, 139 studies were included in the final analysis. The overall global prevalence of GS in the general population was 5.86% (95% CI 5.28-6.47). Marked geographical disparities were observed, with the highest prevalence in Uganda (21.92%, 95% CI 18.43-25.61) and the lowest in Australia (0.18%, 95% CI 0.17-0.18) - a 122-fold difference. Multivariable meta-regression showed that study size was the strongest predictor (importance: 97.79%). Regarding risk factors, female gender, age > 50 years, increased body mass index, and family history of GS were significantly associated with higher GS prevalence. In contrast, factors such as education level, smoking, alcohol consumption, lifestyle, vegetarian diet, and serum lipid levels had no significant impact. Comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) were strongly correlated with elevated GS prevalence.
conclusionThis meta-analysis showed that the GS was a common disease and affected the health of one in twenty people worldwide. Accurate estimates of the global and population-based prevalence of GS are helpful for healthcare improvements.
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