Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41068881›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2026

Muscle and Liver Insulin Resistance Are Associated with Distinct Plasma Protein Profiles: Data from the DiOGenes Trial.

Esther J Kemper, Ellen E Blaak, Michiel E Adriaens, Ruth C R Meex

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00390637 (Diet, Obesity and Genes), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00390637 phase4completednot on this map

Diet, Obesity and Genes

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of CopenhagenRan2006 to 2009Enrolled1,020ConditionsObesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular DiseaseArmsHigh or low Glycemic Index and high or low Protein Diet
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Esther J KemperDepartment of Human Biology, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Ellen E BlaakDepartment of Human Biology, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2496-3464
Michiel E AdriaensMaastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, 6211 LH Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Ruth C R MeexDepartment of Human Biology, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7247-9191

Funding

Food Quality and Safety Priority of the Sixth Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development of the European Union (2005-2009) FP6-2005-513946Maastricht University Medical Center and Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, SwitzerlandThe Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextInsulin resistance (IR) can develop in multiple organs, representing distinct etiologies toward cardiometabolic disease.

objectiveThis study aimed to investigate which proteins and pathways are specific for liver IR or muscle IR in individuals with overweight or obesity of the Diet, Obesity, and Genes cohort (n = 535) (NCT00390637, ClinicalTrials.gov).

methodsFirst, independent associations between muscle and liver IR and protein abundance levels were assessed. In the analysis, we corrected for study center, sex, body mass index, and age, whereby the analyses on liver IR were adjusted for muscle IR and vice versa. Differentially abundant proteins were then subjected to pathway enrichment analysis.

resultsMuscle IR was associated with 160 proteins, and liver IR was associated with 81 proteins. Of these, 12 were shared between both forms of IR. Pathway enrichment analysis identified 51 enriched pathways for muscle IR, characterized by a strong inflammatory profile, including chemokine signaling, interleukin-6 signaling, and complement system-related pathways. In contrast, liver IR was associated with 11 enriched pathways, primarily related to the complement system.

conclusionUnderstanding the processes underlying these distinct IR phenotypes could inform the development of personalized prevention strategies.

Indexed as

Blood ProteinsInsulin ResistanceLiverMuscle, SkeletalObesityOverweightAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedBlood Proteinsliverobesitypathway enrichment analysisproteomicsskeletal muscletissue-specific insulin resistance

Identifiers

PMID41068881
PMCPMC13016781

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.