Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2025
The global burden, trends, and inequalities of HIV/AIDS: a multicountry observational analysis.
Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Challenges: Why is HIV Incidence Rising While AIDS Incidence and Mortality are Declining in Brazil?Journal of community health · 2026Article
- Hematological Profile and Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Patients with HIV: A 12-Month Single-Centre Cohort Study.Viruses · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInequality is a consistent issue throughout the process of HIV/AIDS prevention and control. There is currently a lack of quantitative research on cross-country inequalities in HIV/AIDS.
methodsThis study quantified the burden and inequalities of HIV/AIDS across 204 countries using GBD 2021 data. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) and uncertainty intervals (UIs) were used to quantify the burden of HIV/AIDS. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of ASRs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess trends. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index (CI) were employed to quantify the degree of inequality in countries or regions with different Sociodemographic Index (SDI) levels.
findingsIn 2021, the ASRs of incidence(ASIR), prevalence(ASPR), mortality(ASMR) and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)(ASDR) of HIV/AIDS per 100,000 people were 20.77 (95% UI: 18.77-23.02), 483.14 (95% UI: 459.02-511.43), 8.71 (95% UI: 8.10-9.56) and 496.39(95% UI: 456.10-554.21) globally. In 204 countries or regions, Lesotho with the highest prevalence in 2021 is 22,564.56 times the lowest in Albania. In terms of changes in ASIR, ASPR, ASMR and ASDR, there were 100 countries, 171 countries, 102 countries and 101 countries showed upward trends, respectively. According to the cross-country social inequalities analysis, the SII changed from -291.78 to -67.24 for ASIR, from -1117.87 to-2312.47 for ASPR, from -42.48 to -49.32 for ASMR and from -2354.77 to -2557.03 for ASDR. The concentration index values ranged from 0.3 to 0.6.
conclusionsCountries or regions with lower socio-demographic development disproportionately bear a heavier burden of HIV/AIDS, and these disparities are widening over time between the lowest and highest socioeconomic status groups. Additionally, the rising trend of HIV/AIDS burden in populations with high and middle SDI levels is alarming.
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