ArticleBMC pediatrics2025
Social equity in Ethiopian infants' breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices: a birth cohort study.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMonitoring social equity in infant feeding is essential to track countries’ progress towards global child nutrition and survival targets. We aimed to examine social equity in Ethiopian infants’ early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding at five months, and quality of complementary foods at 12 months.
methodsThis study was a secondary analysis of the Ethiopia Performance Monitoring for Action panel data, prospectively collected from July 2020 to August 2021. A total of 1,850 infants were followed from birth to 12 months in five Ethiopian regions: Addis Ababa City Administration, Oromia, Amhara, Afar, and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regions. We analyzed social equity in infants’ early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding at five months of age, and dietary diversity at 12 months of age, calculated slope and concentration indices and using mixed-effect regression models.
resultsMost infants started breastfeeding within one hour of birth (67%, 95% CI 63, 71) and were exclusively breastfed (69%, 95% CI 67, 71) at five months of age. Few (16%, 95% CI 13, 19) infants aged 12 months had complementary foods meeting the minimum quality criterion, i.e., from five or more food groups. Half (49%, 95% CI 44, 55) of infants aged 12 months consumed sugary foods or beverages. There was no inequity in early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practices by mothers’ education and household wealth levels. There was social inequity in infants’ dietary diversity at 12 months of age, favoring educated (slope index: 0.368, p-value < 0.001) and better-off (concentration index: 0.350%, p-value < 0.001) families.
conclusionsThe high coverage of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at five months of age were equitably distributed by mothers’ education and household wealth. Few 12-month-old infants had a diverse diet, while half consumed sugary foods or beverages. The quality of complementary food was inequitable, favoring better-off and more educated families. Ensuring optimal access to infant feeding support for socially disadvantaged families is critical to improving the quality of complementary food and maintaining or further increasing appropriate breastfeeding.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.