ArticleThe Journal of antibiotics2026
Antibacterial effects of BB-Cl-Amidine against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens via membrane disruption.
Article in The Journal of antibiotics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
The escalating prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, highlights the critical demand for new antibacterial agents that target resistance pathways. BB-Cl-Amidine is originally considered as a peptidyl arginine deiminase inhibitor and till now, its potential antimicrobial activity has not been explored. This study sought to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of BB-Cl-Amidine against MDR gram-positive pathogens. The results showed that BB-Cl-Amidine exhibited potent antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 25 μM to 50 μM against MRSA, E. faecalis and various of Gram-positive bacteria clinical isolates. At sub-MIC concentrations, BB-Cl-Amidine significantly reduced biofilm formation in both S. aureus and E. faecalis. Moreover, the increased permeability and depolarizing membrane potential of S. aureus was found by BB-Cl-Amidine. The antibacterial activity of BB-Cl-Amidine can be neutralized by cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Furthermore, BB-Cl-Amidine exposure resulted in the abnormal expression of functional proteins correlated with the cell membranes and phospholipid metabolas. In summary, the potential antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of BB-Cl-Amidine are demonstrated via membrane disruption, offering a promising scaffold for combating MDR Gram-positive infections.
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