ReviewThe EMBO journal2025
Type IV secretion systems: from structures to mechanisms.
Review in The EMBO journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Identification of essential genes for conjugative transfer in antimicrobial resistance-associated pELF-type linear plasmids of opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecium.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Phenotypic and genomic insights into Stenotrophomonas sepilia SMBL8: metabolic versatility, antibiotic resistance and pathogenic potential.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Unveiling a missing component of the atypical type IV secretion system required for natural transformation of Helicobacter pylori.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Selective targeting of a histone-like silencer Sfx to the R6K conjugal transfer operon.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Unveiling a missing component of the atypical type IV secretion system required for natural transformation ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Identification of candidate nucleomodulins in ESKAPE bacteria -Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization of a pathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Crucial Gram-positive type IV secretion system protein TraF is a structural homolog of type VII secretion system protein EssB/YukC.microLife · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial conjugation is the fundamental process of unidirectional transfer of DNA from a "donor" cell to a "recipient" cell. It is the primary means by which antibiotic resistance genes spread among bacterial populations. Conjugation is mediated by a large molecular machinery termed Type IV secretion system (T4SS), embedded within the donor cell wall. In addition, some bacteria utilise T4SS to inject effector proteins into eukaryotic cells, modulating host functions to their advantage. In this review, we highlight how recent structural studies have substantially advanced our understanding of T4SS molecular mechanisms. We detail these mechanisms across four main sub-processes: assembly of the machinery, pilus biogenesis, donor-recipient cell contact, and substrate recruitment and secretion. By understanding the intricate workings of T4SS, we can gain valuable insights into bacterial evolution, virulence, and horizontal gene transfer, offering potential avenues for developing novel antibacterial strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.