ArticleScientific reports2025
Iron oxide nanoparticles from clove and green coffee for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and analytical application in caffeine removal.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
This study investigates the green synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) synthesized from clove and green coffee extracts. FTIR spectroscopy identified reactive functional sites, including -OH, C=O, and polyphenolics, confirming their role as reducing and stabilizing agents XRD analysis showed amorphous IONPs at ambient temperature and crystalline phases after annealing at 550 °C. SEM imaging revealed pyramidal morphologies for green coffee-derived IONPs and rod-like structures for clove-derived IONPs. Also, nitrogen adsorption and desorption (BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to gain a thorough grasp of the surface characteristics of the nanoparticles. The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm best described caffeine adsorption, confirming physisorption, while the Langmuir model indicated monolayer adsorption with maximum capacities of 596.91 mg/g (clove) and 714.55 mg/g (green coffee). Kinetic studies suggested pseudo-second-order adsorption for green coffee-derived IONPs (R
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