Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41068103›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Programmable material via thiol-ene polymerization initiated by electric-field induced thiyl radical on piezoelectric ZnO.

Jun Wang, Zhao Wang, Jorge Ayarza, Ian Frankel, Chao-Wei Huang, Kai Qian, Yixiao Dong, Pin-Ruei Huang, Katie Kloska, Chao Zhang and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Jun Wang *Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Zhao Wang *College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3226-3908
Jorge AyarzaPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Ian FrankelDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Chao-Wei HuangPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Kai QianDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1766-8616
Yixiao DongPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Pin-Ruei HuangPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Katie KloskaPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Chao ZhangPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Siqi ZouPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5367-5800
Matthew MasonDepartment of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-9175-152X
Chong LiuPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-7888
Nicholas BoechlerDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9639-1533
Aaron P Esser-KahnPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. aesserkahn@uchicago.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1273-0951

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The spatial and temporal control of material properties at a distance has yielded many unique innovations including photo-patterning, 3D-printing, and architected material design. To date, most of these innovations have relied on light, heat, sound, or electric current as stimuli for controlling the material properties. Here, we demonstrate that an electric field can induce chemical reactions and subsequent polymerization in composites via piezoelectrically-mediated transduction. The response to an electric field rather than through direct contact with an electrode is mediated by a nanoparticle transducer, i.e., piezoelectric ZnO, which mediates reactions between thiol and alkene monomers, resulting in tunable moduli as a function of voltage, time, and the frequency of the applied AC power. The reactivity of the mixture and the modulus of a naïve material containing these elements can be programmed based on the distribution of the electric field strength. This programmability results in multi-stiffness gels. Additionally, the system can be adjusted for the formation of an electro-adhesive. This simple and generalizable design opens avenues for facile application in adaptive damping and variable-rigidity materials, adhesive, soft robotics, and potentially tissue engineering.

Identifiers

PMID41068103
PMCPMC12511436

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.