Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41067725›Full record

ArticleJournal of applied toxicology : JAT2026

Use of the TIPS Technique as a Possible Method of Acute Inhalation Toxicity Assessment.

Dina Mourad Saleh, Omnia Hosny Mohamed Ahmed, David B Alexander, William T Alexander, Kumiko Ogawa, Min Gi, Aya Naiki-Ito, Salwa Abdallah, Hiroyuki Tsuda

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of applied toxicology : JAT, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Dina Mourad SalehDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Omnia Hosny Mohamed AhmedNanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
David B AlexanderNanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-9017-3639
William T AlexanderNanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
Kumiko OgawaDivision of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
Min GiDepartment of Environmental Risk Assessment, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-1642-8127
Aya Naiki-ItoDepartment of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-0828-2033
Salwa AbdallahCenter of Excellence for Toxicological Testing, Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Hiroyuki TsudaNanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.

Funding

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare H25‑kagaku‑ippan‑004Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare H27‑kagaku‑shitei‑004Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare H28‑kagaku‑ippan‑004Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare H30‑kagaku‑shitei‑004Ministry of Higher Education of the Arab Republic of Egypt, Cultural Affairs and Missions SectorYOG Specified Nonprofit Corporation, Association for Promotion of Research on Risk Assessment
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acute inhalation toxicity studies provide crucial information regarding short-term exposure to volatile chemicals and help to ensure the safe handling and use of these chemicals. However, acute inhalation toxicity assessment requires specialized equipment, and most animal facilities are not able to carry out such studies. Consequently, an extremely large number of chemicals remain unassessed. Therefore, we investigated intra-Tracheal Intra-Pulmonary Spraying (TIPS) as a method for testing the acute inhalation toxicity of volatile chemicals. TIPS does not require specialized equipment and consequently is an approach that can be used by essentially all animal facilities. We diluted 12 chemicals in physiological saline and administered the chemicals to test animals using TIPS. When the acute LD50 values obtained by TIPS were converted to LC50 values, there was good agreement between the TIPS LC50 values and the reported inhalation LC50 values of nine of 11 water-soluble chemicals. Two water-soluble chemicals had TIPS LC50 values that were more than 2.5-fold higher than the published inhalation LC50 values, and water-insoluble xylene had an LC50 value that was more than 2.5-fold lower than the published inhalation LC50 value. This strong agreement between TIPS LC50 values and published LC50 values suggests that TIPS has the potential to be used for acute inhalation toxicity testing. However, further studies are needed to establish testing systems that will identify solutes that can and cannot be used for TIPS testing of different water-soluble chemicals and for TIPS testing of water-insoluble chemicals.

Indexed as

Inhalation ExposureToxicity Tests, AcuteAdministration, InhalationAnimalsLethal Dose 50MaleMiceA549 acute toxicity modelacute inhalation toxicityintratracheal intrapulmonary spraying

Identifiers

PMID41067725
PMCPMC12945462

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.