ArticleJournal of vascular surgery2026
Female patients with vascular disease receive less medical optimization despite more health care utilization.
Article in Journal of vascular surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDespite optimal medical therapy (OMT) being a cornerstone of vascular care, female patients are less likely to receive it in comparison with males. This study aimed to quantify preoperative access to care and hypothesized that women would have lower documented OMT prescription rates while controlling for health care use.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study used a single-center, multihospital dataset of all adults undergoing index, elective, operative interventions for carotid, aortic, or lower extremity disease (2016-2024). The primary outcome was documented OMT (statin, antiplatelet, and nonsmoking). Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the association between documented OMT and sex, adjusting for comorbidities and health care use.
resultsAmong 18,673 patients, 8135 (43.6%) were female. Females more frequently saw a primary care physician (PCP) (42.0% vs 40.5%; P = .042) with more visits on average (3.3 ± 7.4 vs 2.9 ± 7.0; P < .001). Females were less likely to see a cardiologist (28.9% vs 38.7%; P < .001). Despite increased PCP exposure, females were less frequently prescribed OMT (23.0% vs 28.2%; P < .001). They were more frequently prescribed pain medications (50.5% vs 42.9%; P < .001). On multivariable modeling, female sex had lower odds of preoperative OMT (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-0.6; P < .001). A PCP visit (aOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.52-1.75; P < .001) or cardiology visit (aOR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.60-1.87; P < .001) were both associated with an increased rate of achieving documented OMT.
conclusionsFemale patients were less likely to have documented OMT despite increased health care access in the form of PCP visits. Our findings highlight a potential provider bias leading to an undertreatment of females with vascular disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.