ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2026
Religious Traditions Exhibit Heterogeneous Effects on Vaccination Uptake: A U.S. County-Level Regression Analysis Supporting Tailored Health Outreach.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThis study examines whether specific religious traditions-rather than just religion itself-demonstrate significant associations with COVID-19 vaccination rates.
methodsCounty-level COVID-19 vaccination data (2021-2022) were matched with religious composition data from the 2020 U.S. Religion Census for 6 major religious traditions. The analysis uses negative binomial regression to examine how religious adherence is associated with vaccination rates, controlling for other variables.
resultsCatholic and Mainline Protestant populations showed significant positive associations with vaccination rates (+12.4% and +25.1% respectively), whereas Evangelical Protestant populations demonstrated significant negative associations (-12.9%). Associations persisted when controlling for other variables, including political ideology, with Republican voting preference emerging as the strongest predictor across all religious traditions (coefficients ranging from -55.6% to -93.7%). Mormon, Black Protestant, and Muslim populations showed no significant associations, including in national and region-specific analyses.
conclusionsReligious traditions influence preventive health measures through limited but significant group-specific processes. Church-sect positioning partially explains these patterns, with historically culturally integrated traditions showing greater receptivity to vaccination than those maintaining some cultural tension. Given the contrasts in associations across religious traditions, public health outreach approaches should consider the context of specific religious traditions rather than merely approaching religion as a monolithic variable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.