Precise cell stratification in alginate/gelatin methacrylate based 3D construct using coaxial chaotic bioprinting.

Shuaiqi Song, Tarun Agarwal, Shengbo Guo, Sung Yun Hann, James D Lee, Lijie Grace Zhang

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in International journal of biological macromolecules, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shuaiqi SongDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.

Tarun AgarwalDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.

Shengbo GuoDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.

Sung Yun HannDepartment of Precision Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, South Korea; Convergence Research Center of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering (CRCMCE), Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, South Korea.

James D LeeDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.

Lijie Grace ZhangDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA. Electronic address: lgzhang@gwu.edu.

Funding

A dual 3D bioprinting platform for engineering a thick anisotropic myocardial tissue with geometric vasculatureR01HL171317 · NHLBI · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Muhammad M Mohiuddin, Lijie Grace Zhang · 2024 to 2026

$1.5M

NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL171317

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has shown great promise for fabricating constructs with complex architecture; however, achieving precise microscale biomimetic multicellular organization over a large tissue volume remains a challenge. In this study, a coaxial-chaotic 3D bioprinting platform that combines coaxial extrusion with static mixers to enable controlled cell stratification was developed. A hybrid bioink, composed of 2 % sodium alginate and 5 % gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) as the core and a crosslinking shell of calcium chloride and 2 % GelMA, was employed to establish stable layered patterns. The static mixers modulated bioink flow and generated layered intrafibrillar stratification by repeatedly splitting, stretching, and folding laminar streams, producing predictable chaotic stratification. Under controlled printing conditions, the chaotically patterned bioink was deposited layer-by-layer to build 3D constructs. Printing parameters, including bioink and crosslinker compositions, printing speeds, and flow rates, were optimized to achieve high shape fidelity and consistent internal architecture. This approach effectively fabricated both acellular and cellular stratified 3D constructs. In addition, L929 mouse fibroblasts within the constructs exhibited well-defined and stable layered arrangements, along with sustained viability and high proliferation over 7 days of culture. These results demonstrate that the coaxial-chaotic bioprinting provides an effective strategy for the rapid fabrication of large, multicellular, and stratified 3D tissue constructs, with broad potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Indexed as

AlginatesBioprintingGelatinMethacrylatesPrinting, Three-DimensionalTissue ScaffoldsAnimalsCell LineCell ProliferationCell SurvivalFibroblastsMiceTissue EngineeringAlginatesGelatinMethacrylatesCell stratificationCoaxial-chaotic bioprintingLarge-sized bioprinting

Identifiers

PMID41067335

DOI10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148102

PMCPMC12535434

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.