Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41066686›Full record

ArticleJMIR formative research2025

Medicine Beyond Machines: Viewpoint on the Art of Thinking in the Age of AI.

Isabella B B Ferreira, Rodrigo C Menezes, Luis Cláudio L Correia, Bruno B Andrade

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR formative research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Isabella B B Ferreira *Departamento de Pós-Graduação, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-6696-7271
Rodrigo C Menezes *Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcao, 121, Candeal, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil, 55 71999721511.ORCID 0000-0002-5444-3769
Luis Cláudio L Correia *Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcao, 121, Candeal, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil, 55 71999721511.ORCID 0000-0002-6910-1366
Bruno B Andrade *Departamento de Pós-Graduação, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-6833-3811

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unlabelled: The widespread adoption of large language models is increasingly shaping clinical decision-making by altering how physicians engage with data and reasoning. While these tools enhance diagnostic capacity, streamline workflows, and support learning, their misuse may diminish critical, contextual, and humanized thinking, reducing physicians to passive validators of algorithmic outputs. This paper explores the evolution of medical cognition and proposes strategies for integrating artificial intelligence in ways that preserve cognitive autonomy, such as structuring information, reducing bias, and strengthening metacognition. We argue that artificial intelligence should serve as a "cognitive stethoscope," a tool that refines reasoning without compromising its essence.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceClinical Decision-MakingThinkingCognitionHumansAIartificial intelligencecritical thinkingmedical educationmedicine

Identifiers

PMID41066686
PMCPMC12510612

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.