Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41066399›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Mapping the evolution of fertility support policies in China: A content and instrumental analysis.

Ying Yue, Xiaojun Yang, Jie Ma

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ying YueSchool of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7999-0363
Xiaojun YangSchool of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Jie MaJinhe Center of Economic Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fertility support policies encompass measures providing economic, time, and childcare assistance to families with children. In China, these policies have continuously evolved in response to demographic shifts and changing socioeconomic environments. This study analyzes 226 policy texts across four stages using content analysis to examine two important dimensions-policy content and policy instruments. The results demonstrate that services and other forms of support outnumber time and financial provisions, reflecting a gradual diversification of policy content. Mandatory instruments are used more frequently than hybrid and voluntary ones, though the overall application of instruments is balanced. Different types of policy content employ distinct policy instruments. Moreover, the evolution of these policies reflects a process of adaptation to changing social contexts, the evolving role of women, and improved efficacy. However, current policies still face challenges including insufficient use of voluntary and hybrid instruments and inadequate attention to gender equality. To enhance fertility support, we recommend diversifying the use of instruments away from mandatory ones towards hybrid and voluntary options, ensuring comprehensive and inclusive policy content, and improving coordination across policy tools.

Indexed as

Family Planning PolicyFamily Planning ServicesFertilityChinaFemaleHumansMaleSocioeconomic Factors

Identifiers

PMID41066399
PMCPMC12510515

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.