Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41066003›Full record

ReviewFolia microbiologica2025

Emerging contaminants in healthcare effluents: antibiotic resistance and virulence factor dissemination.

Jaya Malik, Zayera Naushad, Shilpy Singh, Dharmsheel Shrivastav, Ved Vrat Verma, Manoj Kumar Mishra, Ravi Kant Pal, Varun Kumar Sharma

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Folia microbiologica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jaya Malik *Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, School of Sciences, Noida International University-NIU, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Zayera Naushad *Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, School of Sciences, Noida International University-NIU, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Shilpy SinghDepartment of Biotechnology & Microbiology, School of Sciences, Noida International University-NIU, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Dharmsheel ShrivastavDepartment of Biotechnology & Microbiology, School of Sciences, Noida International University-NIU, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ved Vrat VermaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Noida International University-NIU, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Manoj Kumar MishraDepartment of Biotechnology, SR Institute of Management & Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ravi Kant PalNational Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India. palravikant@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0423-4694
Varun Kumar SharmaDepartment of Biotechnology & Microbiology, School of Sciences, Noida International University-NIU, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India. varungenetics@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-6939

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms are a major concern for researchers, medical experts, and public healthcare workers. Healthcare organizations, particularly wastewater from hospitals, can pose a significant global health risk if wastewater treatment (WWT) strategies are inadequate or suboptimal. This review article focuses on antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and virulence factors found in microbial contaminants of hospital wastewater. In this review, we synthesize findings from a wide range of studies examining antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of microorganisms in hospital wastewater, highlighting the critical public health challenge posed by microbial contamination in healthcare environments. The rise of drug-resistant bacteria represents a severe threat to global health since ailments arising from these organisms are becoming more challenging to cure. Understanding the virulence mechanisms of the aforementioned diseases is essential for developing potent disease-effective prevention and counter-measure strategies. Analysis of hospital effluents reveals a variety of virulence factors, emphasizing the prospective health risks linked with wastewater pollution. The surrounding and societal influence on the well-being of hospital waste underscores the urgent need to develop and implement robust medical waste management and wastewater treatment protocols. This study reviews various treatment technologies aimed at mitigating antibiotic resistance in hospital wastewater, underscoring the importance of comprehensive approaches to curb the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. The insights provided are crucial for improving wastewater management practices to protect public health and prevent the widespread distribution of resistance to antibiotics.

Indexed as

BacteriaDrug Resistance, BacterialDrug Resistance, MicrobialVirulence FactorsWastewaterAnti-Bacterial AgentsHospitalsHumansAnti-Bacterial AgentsVirulence FactorsWastewaterAntibiotic resistanceDrug-resistant bacteriaHospital wastewaterPublic healthVirulence factors

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.