ArticleEuropean journal of case reports in internal medicine2025
Article in European journal of case reports in internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is a vision-threatening condition characterized by optic neuropathy, ophthalmoplegia, and cranial nerve dysfunction at the orbital apex. While fungal and neoplastic aetiologies are well recognized, bacterial causes are uncommon. Case report: A 73-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes presented with progressive unilateral headache, diplopia, and vision loss. She was empirically treated for allergic and bacterial sinusitis, including steroids, without improvement. Imaging showed left sphenoethmoid sinus opacification with orbital apex involvement, and initial endoscopy suggested fungal sinusitis. Repeat biopsy ruled out fungal disease and malignancy, while cultures identified Conclusion: This case highlights LEARNING POINTS: In immunocompromised patients presenting with orbital apex syndrome, the differential diagnosis should be broadened to include rare Gram-negative pathogens.Repeat endoscopy and biopsy are essential in atypical, progressive, or refractory cases.
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