ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
Association of serum complement C3 level with disease severity in primary pterygium.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate whether various systemic inflammatory and immunologic markers-including complement C3, C4, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and other autoantibodies-are associated with the clinical severity of primary nasal pterygium. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 26 eyes from patients with primary nasal pterygium. Serum complement levels (C3, C4), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and autoimmune markers (ANA, RF, perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody [P-ANCA], cytoplasmic ANCA [C-ANCA], human leukocyte antigen [HLA]-B51, HLA-B27, anti-Ro [SSA], and anti-La [SSB]) were measured. Pterygium severity was graded using T (stromal translucency), V (vascularity), and the loss of plica semilunaris (LPS). Results: Among 26 patients (mean age 52.9 ± 14.9 years; 42.3% female), 61.5% tested positive for ANA. However, neither ANA positivity nor titer correlated with T, V, or LPS grades. Five patients (19.2%) had low C3 (<90 mg/dL). Although C4 and ESR did not correlate with disease severity, C3 levels showed a significant inverse correlation with the T grade ( Conclusion: Lower serum C3 levels were associated with advanced stromal opacification in pterygium, indicating possible complement activation in severe disease. While ANA was frequently positive, it did not correlate with clinical severity. These findings suggest that complement C3 may serve as a potential biomarker for advanced pterygium.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.