ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025
The global epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancers attributable to high-BMI: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Joint Global Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer and Pancreatitis: Co-Occurrence Patterns, Shared Risk Factors, and Projections to 2040.United European gastroenterology journal · 2026Article
- Federated Gastrointestinal Lesion Classification with Clinical-Entropy Guided Quantum-Inspired Token Pruning in Vision Transformers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- cGAS-STING Pathway in Gastrointestinal Malignancies: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Therapeutic Opportunities.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers collectively account for over 30% of global cancer-related mortalities. Obesity is a well-established risk factor for GI cancers. We aim to investigate the temporal trends of GI cancer attributable to high BMI between 1990 to 2021 on global, regional and national levels. Methods: Data was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Deaths, Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized rates (ASRs) were used to measure disease burden. Estimated annualized percent change (EAPC) were used to assess the temporal trend. We explored the association between SDI with high BMI-attributed GI cancer burden across 21 regions, 204 countries over the three decades. Results: Globally, between 1990 and 2021, all GI cancers had rising trends of deaths and DALYs attributable to high BMI. Colorectal cancer constituted the largest disease burden, with 99,268 (95% UI: 42,596-157,948) deaths and 1.17 (95% UI: 0.51-1.87) million DALYs in 2021. Liver cancer and pancreatic cancer had the sharpest increase in age-standardized rates, with EAPC exceeding 4 and 2%, respectively. Substantial heterogeneity was observed among the disease burden and temporal trends across regions. Higher SDI countries reported higher ASRs of GI cancers but showed declining trends with risk-attributable colorectal cancer, gallbladder and biliary tract cancer. Nearly all regions had increasing trends with the ASRs of high-BMI caused liver cancer and pancreatic cancer. Conclusion: The global burden of gastrointestinal cancers attributable to high BMI has increased substantially over the past three decades. We observed significant disparity with the temporal trends of different gastrointestinal cancers at various regions. Multi-level interventions, including lifestyle modification and tailored screening practice is required at global and regional levels to address the burden of gastrointestinal cancers attributable to high BMI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.