ArticleKidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
Disease Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease in China (1990-2021): An Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Temporal-spatial distribution characteristics and associated socioeconomic factors of medical expenditures for rural patients with chronic kidney disease in Fujian Province, Southeast China.International journal of health geographics · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: The growing threat of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to human health has gained considerable attention. But a comprehensive analysis of the CKD burden in China at both the national and provincial level has not been done. This study aimed to investigate the CKD burden by age, gender, CKD causes, and geographical region in China from 1990 to 2021. Methods: We studied the prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of CKD, its risk factors, and associated diseases both at the national and provincial level by analyzing data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021. Average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) calculated from joinpoint model were used to estimate the temporal trends from 1990 to 2021. Decomposition analysis was employed to quantify the contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes to CKD burden. Bayesian age-period-cohort model was utilized to forecast the disease burden up to 2050. Results: In 2021, China had 118.40 million cases of CKD, including 3.32 million incident cases, resulting in 0.20 million deaths. We found a clear upward trend in the age-standardized incidence rate of CKD from 1990 to 2021 (AAPC = 0.32%/year, 95% CI: 0.29-0.35). Substantial disparities in CKD burden were observed across sexes, age-groups, and provinces, with older adults and residents of middle/low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) provinces experiencing a higher burden. Furthermore, it is projected that more people will develop CKD in the next 3 decades, with hypertension and type 2 diabetes emerging as predominant causes. A decomposition analysis further indicated that population aging serves as the primary contributor to the rising CKD burden. High fasting plasma glucose, high blood pressure, and high body-mass index were among the top three risk factors for CKD. Moreover, impaired kidney function contributed to 8.18 million cardiovascular diseases DALYs, 6.13 million CKD DALYs, and 0.04 million gout DALYs. CKD is a severe health concern in China. Conclusion: To alleviate the disease burden, effective prevention and intervention strategies tailored to local conditions are necessary, particularly targeting high-risk populations and provinces with middle and low-middle SDI.
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