ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2025
3D Nanofibrillar Matrix Stiffness Modulates Extracellular Vesicle Cargo and Pro-Tumour Functions.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomaterial-based extracellular vesicle delivery systems for wound healing: From fabrication to applications.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Additive Manufacturing for Extracellular Vesicle Therapeutics: Engineering Strategies for Production, Isolation, and Delivery.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Recent advances in machine learning-enhanced extracellular vesicle omics for oncology.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- 3D Nanofibrillar Matrix Stiffness Modulates Extracellular Vesicle Cargo and Pro-Tumour Functions.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical regulators of tumour progression, yet their interaction in three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments remains poorly understood. Most studies on ECM stiffness and EV biology rely on 2D cultures, which do not capture the complexity of the tumour microenvironment. Here, a biomimetic 3D nanofibrillar ECM model based on a cellulose nanofibril hydrogel was established to assess stiffness-dependent changes in EV properties and functions. EVs derived from stiff matrices (StEVs) exhibited distinct physicochemical characteristics and carried unique protein and microRNA cargo compared with those from soft matrices (SoEVs). Functionally, StEVs more potently promoted tumour cell proliferation and migration, while in vivo mouse models further demonstrated that StEVs enhanced tumour growth. Multi-omics analyses and pharmacological inhibition studies revealed that StEVs activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (MAPK/ERK1/2) signalling pathway in recipient cells. These findings highlight the mechanobiological regulation of EV-mediated intercellular communication within 3D ECM environments and demonstrate how matrix stiffness shapes EV cargo and pro-tumour activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.