ArticleThe Prostate2026
Factors Associated With Male Breast Cancer Incidence Among Prostate Cancer Survivors: Real World Evidence From Veterans Affairs National Prostate Cancer Data Core.
Article in The Prostate, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Male breast cancer: from extrapolated practice to evidence-based care.The oncologist · 2026Review
- Factors Associated With Male Breast Cancer Incidence Among Prostate Cancer Survivors: Real World Evidence From Veterans Affairs National Prostate Cancer Data Core.The Prostate · 2026Article
- Case Report: long-term survival of a male patient with breast cancer complicated by lung adenocarcinoma treated with individualized therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundWhile male breast cancer incidence is rare, veteran status is found to be associated with increased risk, for incidence, a higher prevalence of male breast cancer patients was observed among male veteran prostate cancer survivors. This study leveraged the existing large-scale Veterans Affairs (VA) Prostate Cancer Data Core and examined factors associated with increased risk of male breast cancer incidence in veterans with prior prostate cancer diagnoses.
methodsA retrospective cohort study of 1.3 million male veterans treated for prostate cancer at VA hospitals was conducted using the VA Prostate Cancer Data Core. Of these, 11,327 (0.86%) were newly diagnosed with male breast cancer on average 5.4 years post prostate cancer diagnosis.
resultsMultivariate Cox and competing risk model results found that younger onset age of prostate cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97-0.98), metastasized prostate cancer (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.90-2.17), being Non-Hispanic (N-H) Black (HR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05-1.15), radiation (HR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT; HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17-1.32) were associated with significantly increased risk of male breast cancer diagnosis. Prolonged use of cardiovascular disease (CVD) medications, furosemide (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.39-1.63), spironolactone (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.15-1.61), and digoxin (HR 1.50, 95% CI: 1.29-1.72), significantly increased risk for male breast cancer incidence.
conclusionsYounger age onset of prostate cancer, metastasized prostate cancer, prolonged use of CVD medications, radiation, and ADT cancer treatment were factors significantly associated with increased risk of being diagnosed with male breast cancer among male veteran prostate cancer survivors. The study findings may shed insights in cardio-oncology specific risk factors for male breast cancer among prostate cancer survivors.
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