ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2025
Sex-specific associations between type 2 diabetes and muscle health in middle-aged adults.
Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and sarcopenia have emerged as significant public health challenges that disproportionately affect middle-aged adults. However, the relationship between T2DM and muscle parameters in this critical age remains inadequately elucidated.
methodsWe conducted a comprehensive analysis of cross-sectional data derived from 2,446 middle-aged participants (aged 40-59 years; 1,230 men and 1,216 women) enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. T2DM was defined by physician-confirmed diagnosis and/or glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%. We systematically evaluated appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and grip strength in relation to T2DM status, employing multiple linear regression models with hierarchical adjustment for demographic, anthropometric, and clinical covariates.
resultsFollowing comprehensive covariate adjustment, T2DM exhibited a significant inverse association with combined grip strength (β=-3.14; 95% CI: -4.55, -1.73) but showed no significant association with ALMI (β=-0.05; 95% CI: -0.13, 0.02). Sex-stratified analyses revealed significant reductions in both muscle mass and strength exclusively among men with T2DM, whereas no significant associations were observed in women. The adverse impact of T2DM on grip strength was particularly pronounced among individuals with BMI < 25 kg/m² (β=-6.72; 95% CI: -10.38, -3.06). Furthermore, glycohemoglobin demonstrated positive associations with ALMI in non-diabetic individuals, while serum glucose levels exhibited inverse associations with ALMI across the total study population.
conclusionsOur findings demonstrated negative associations between T2DM and muscle mass and strength in middle-aged men, but not in women. These observations underscore the critical importance of early muscle health surveillance and targeted therapeutic interventions in T2DM patients, particularly among men and those with BMI < 25 kg/m².
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.