Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41063292›Full record

ReviewCancer cell international2025

PD-L1 has a stronger effect on increasing headache risk than PD-1: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Yuan Tian, Zixuan Feng, Feng Feng, Meng Fan, Yu Hu, Zhuoqi Li, Yuanyuan Wang, Kai Zhang, Qi Dang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer cell international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yuan Tian *Phase I Clinical Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.440, Jiyan Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P.R. China.
Zixuan Feng *Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, P.R. China.
Feng Feng *Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 252000, P.R. China.
Meng Fan *Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Zhucheng, Shandong, 262200, P.R. China.
Yu HuGastrointestinal Surgery Department, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Zhucheng, Shandong, 262200, P.R. China.
Zhuoqi LiRadiotherapy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
Yuanyuan WangDepartment of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250299, P.R. China.
Kai ZhangGeneral Surgery Department, Wenshang County People's Hospital, Wenshang, Shandong, 272500, P.R. China.
Qi DangPhase I Clinical Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.440, Jiyan Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P.R. China. dangqi123456@126.com.

Funding

Research Start-up Fund for Talent Introduction of Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine yjgjzcrc-202402Shandong Medical Association Clinical Special Fund - Qilu Special Fund YXH2022ZX02016The Clinical Medical Science and Technology Innovation Program of Jinan 202430045the Clinical Research Special Support Fund of Wu Jieping Medical Foundation (320.6570.2023-16-12; Yuan Tian)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis meta-analysis aimed to clarify the risk of headaches caused by programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors.

methodRelevant clinical trials were screened using PubMed. The risk of headache associated with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors was calculated using the mirror principle and PRISMA guidelines.

resultsA total of 33 clinical trials were screened for this comprehensive meta-analysis, yielding nine mirror-pairing groups. The risk of headache with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors was significantly higher than that with placebo (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: [1.06, 2.06], Z = 2.33, P = 0.02) and similar to that with chemotherapy drugs (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: [0.84, 1.34], Z = 0.49, P = 0.62). When PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors are combined with other immune-related drugs, the risk of headaches increases to varying degrees. However, when combined with chemotherapy, this risk did not increase significantly (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: [0.78, 1.32], Z = 0.11, P = 0.91). Compared with PD-1, PD-L1 inhibitors were associated with a higher headache risk (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: [0.64, 2.12], Z = 1.51, P = 0.13).

conclusionPD-L1 has a stronger effect on increasing headache risk than PD-1. Similar to the comparison of PD-1 or PD-L1 versus chemotherapy, PD-1 or PD-L1 plus chemotherapy did not significantly increase headache risk.

Indexed as

HeadacheMeta-analysisPD-1PD-L1Risk

Identifiers

PMID41063292
PMCPMC12506019

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.