ArticleEuropean archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry2026
Evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of fluoride-free mouthwashes against Scardovia wiggsiae.
Article in European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Navigating fluoride hesitancy: mapping the evidence base for fluoride-free toothpaste alternatives.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of fluoride-free mouthwashes against Scardovia wiggsiae, a key bacterium associated with fluoride-resistant dental caries. The investigation focused on bacterial growth inhibition, planktonic cell viability, and biofilm formation.
methodsTwelve commercially available fluoride-free mouthwashes with various active ingredients, including hydrogen peroxide, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), essential oils, and organic extracts, were tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays were conducted to determine bacterial growth inhibition and killing potential. Planktonic cell viability and biofilm formation assays were performed at three dilutions (1:3, 1:6, and 1:12) using a 16-h culture of S. wiggsiae. Optical density (OD) values were measured at 595 nm for planktonic cells and 490 nm for biofilms.
resultsSignificant variability was observed in bacterial inhibition among mouthwashes. Hydrogen peroxide- and CPC-based formulations demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial activity, significantly reducing bacterial growth, planktonic viability, and biofilm formation. Essential oil-based formulations exhibited moderate antimicrobial effects, with reduced efficacy at higher dilutions. Organic-based mouthwashes showed limited inhibition, while formulations containing zinc chloride and stabilised chlorine dioxide demonstrated the weakest effects.
conclusionHydrogen peroxide- and CPC-containing mouthwashes exhibited the highest antimicrobial potential against S. wiggsiae and may serve as effective fluoride-free alternatives for high-risk populations. Essential oil-based formulations provided moderate benefits, whereas zinc chloride and chlorine dioxide showed minimal efficacy. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate antimicrobial agents for biofilm control and caries prevention. Further in vivo studies are necessary to validate long-term effectiveness in clinical settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.