Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41062836›Full record

ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2025

Enhanced Tumor Treatment Outcomes of PEGylated Liposomal Gefitinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Preclinical Evaluation with Superior Therapeutic Efficacy.

Rajeshkumar S Palva, Jolly R Parikh, Rajnikant M Suthar, Musaratafrin Saiyed, Mitali Patel, Prajesh Prajapati, Umang H Shah

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Rajeshkumar S PalvaResearch Scholar, Gujarat Technological University, Nr.Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Nr.Visat Three Roads, Visat - Gandhinagar Highwa, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad, 382424, Gujarat, India. rajeshpalva@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-9508
Jolly R ParikhDepartment of Pharmaceutics, A.R. College of Pharmacy and G H Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3330-7493
Rajnikant M SutharDepartment of Pharmaceutics, A.R. College of Pharmacy and G H, Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-7084-7313
Musaratafrin SaiyedDepartment of Pharmacology, A.R. College of Pharmacy and G H, Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1816-8154
Mitali PatelDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Maliba College of Pharmacy, Uka Tarsadia University, 394350, Bardoli, Gujarat, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4544-6877
Prajesh PrajapatiSchool of Pharmacy, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, 382007, Gujarat, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1619-7939
Umang H ShahRamanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-2137

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study developed PEGylated liposomal gefitinib (GTL) to overcome clinical limitations of gefitinib therapy in NSCLC, including poor tumor targeting and suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. GTL was formulated using DPPC:cholesterol:mPEG-2000-DSPE (8:7:1) and comprehensively evaluated for tumor treatment efficacy. GTL achieved optimal physicochemical properties (87.7 ± 4.81 nm, EE 60.15%) with polymer relaxation-controlled release kinetics (Super Case II transport, n = 1.0789) providing sustained therapeutic exposure. The GTL demonstrated superior tumor treatment outcomes with threefold enhanced cytotoxicity (IC₅₀: 4.93 vs 15.03 μg/mL) and remarkable in vivo efficacy including 57% tumor volume reduction versus control and 32% superiority over free gefitinib. Comprehensive tumor treatment evaluation revealed enhanced apoptotic activity (68.35% caspase 3/7 activation), near-complete restoration of normal lung architecture, and significant tumor clearance confirmed by histopathological analysis. The controlled release mechanism enabled sustained therapeutic levels while minimizing systemic toxicity. GTL maintained stability for 12 months under ICH conditions, supporting clinical development. This work represents the comprehensive tumor treatment evaluation of gefitinib nanoformulation, demonstrating clinically relevant therapeutic superiority for improved NSCLC patient outcomes.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungLung NeoplasmsPolyethylene GlycolsQuinazolinesAnimalsApoptosisCell Line, TumorFemaleGefitinibHumansLiposomesMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, NudePhosphatidylethanolamines1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol 2000)Antineoplastic AgentsGefitinibLiposomesPhosphatidylethanolaminesPolyethylene GlycolsQuinazolinesApoptotic activityControlled releaseGefitinibTherapeutic efficacyXenograph model

Identifiers

PMID41062836

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.