Proinflammatory pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection in a murine model using Spatial transcriptomics.

Niloufar Ghahari, Sanjeev Narayanan, Ahmed AbdelKhalek, Deepti Pillai

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Integrating machine learning and WGCNA to identify core candidate genes and decipher immune-related molecular networks in TcdA/TcdB-associated CDI.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Niloufar GhahariDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.

Sanjeev NarayananDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.

Ahmed AbdelKhalekDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. Ahmed@purdue.edu.

Deepti PillaiDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. pillai6@purdue.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is a common cause of antibiotic-induced diarrhea and causes the highest number of nosocomial infections. Only two antibiotics are currently recommended for treating C. difficile infection (CDI), which may contribute to unsatisfactory treatment outcomes and an increased likelihood of recurrence. In this study, we aim to evaluate the difference in gene expression between symptomatic and asymptomatic mice after infection with C. difficile using spatial transcriptomics analysis. We also aim to evaluate the spatial aspect of altered genes between different layers of intestinal mucosa (superficial vs. deep) and identify the key pathways. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) intestinal sections were utilized for analysis using NanoString

Indexed as

Clostridioides difficileClostridium InfectionsInflammationTranscriptomeAnimalsColonDisease Models, AnimalGene Expression ProfilingInterleukin-17Intestinal MucosaMiceSignal TransductionInterleukin-17CDIClostridioides difficileGene expressionIL-17MAPK signaling pathwayNF-κBSpatial transcriptomics

Identifiers

PMID41062664

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-19106-3

PMCPMC12508427

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.