ArticleNature communications2025
Neural coding of choice and outcome are modulated by uncertainty in orbitofrontal but not secondary motor cortex.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Orbitofrontal noradrenaline supports adaptive learning-rate adjustment in probabilistic reversal learning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- A corticostriatal circuit updates subjective beliefs about latent task states.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Uncertainty and reward histories have distinct effects on decisions after wins and losses.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Reward contingency reorganizes lateral orbitofrontal cortex pyramidal neuron activity from reward-aligned to action-aligned during associative learning.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Motivation, attention, and uncertainty: insights from animal and human research and implications for addiction.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
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Abstract
Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and secondary motor cortex (M2) are both implicated in flexible reward learning but the conditions that differentially recruit these regions are not fully understood. We imaged calcium activity from single neurons in rat OFC or M2 during de novo learning of increasingly uncertain reward probability schedules. Predictions of choice were decoded from M2 neurons with high accuracy under all certainty conditions, but were more accurately decoded from OFC neurons under greater uncertainty. Decoding accuracy of choice and outcome was predicted by behavioral strategies Win-Stay and Lose-Shift in OFC, but not M2. Whereas chemogenetic inhibition of OFC neurons attenuated learning across all schedules, M2 neurons were found to support learning in only the most certain reward schedule. Thus, OFC neurons preferentially encode choices and outcomes that foster a greater reliance on adaptive strategies under uncertainty. This reveals a functional heterogeneity within frontal cortex in support of flexible learning.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.