ArticleJBRA assisted reproduction2025
Contraceptive-induced impairment: a rodent model study of levonorgestrel and DMPA.
Article in JBRA assisted reproduction, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effects of Fertility-Limiting Hormones Quinestrol and Levonorgestrel on Bait Intake and Reproductive Performance of the Nile Grass Rat (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveHormonal contraceptives are widely used to alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, inhibiting ovulation, and altering reproductive hormone levels. Understanding their effects on estrous cycle regulation and fecundity in animal models is essential for evaluating their contraceptive mechanisms and long-term reproductive impact. This study aims to investigate the effects of Levonorgestrel and Depot-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) on estrous cycle phases, hormonal disruptions, and fecundity in rodent models, providing insights into their contraceptive efficacy and potential reproductive consequences.
methodsFifteen adults female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control (water only), Levonorgestrel-treated (0.7mL oral administration), and DMPA-treated (0.02mL intramuscular injection). Vaginal cytology was used to track estrous cycle phases before, during, and after treatment. Mating success and fecundity were assessed by pairing treated females with males and recording pregnancy rates and litter sizes.
resultsBoth Levonorgestrel and DMPA significantly disrupted estrous cycle regularity. The estrus phase duration was notably shortened in treated groups, while the diestrus phase was prolonged, especially in the DMPA group (p<0.0001). Mating success was significantly reduced, with only 40% of DMPA-treated and 60% of Levonorgestrel-treated females mating successfully, compared to 100% in the control group. Litter numbers were also significantly lower in treated groups compared to controls.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that prolonged use of Levonorgestrel or DMPA may significantly alter the oestrous cycle, potentially impairing fertility and delaying reproductive recovery. Further studies are needed to explore the long-term consequences of contraceptive-induced cycle disruptions.
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