ReviewEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2026
Anthropomorphic technology in everyday life: focus on chatbots and impacts on mental health.
Review in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring Real-World Use of AI Chatbots for Mental Health Support: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.JMIR mental health · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Large Language Model Chatbot Responses to Psychotic Prompts.JAMA psychiatry · 2026Article
- The paradox of agency in psychotherapy: How people with mental distress experience support from generative AI chatbots and human therapists.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Evaluation of large language model chatbot responses to psychotic prompts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chatbots are widely used by business in everyday life to interact with consumers in e-commerce, social networking, education, and government settings. Anthropomorphism is a fundamental aspect of chatbot design and implementation, and increases the interaction of chatbots with humans. As part of the recent expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, chatbots incorporated AI to engage more personally with consumers. The anthropomorphic characteristics of chatbots, including both visual appearance and language, influence the interaction of chatbots with humans in diverse ways that may have both positive and negative consequences. The purpose of this review is to increase physician awareness of the use of chatbots which use AI to enhance anthropomorphism. Consumers routinely anthropomorphize products including chatbots. Physicians need to be aware of the wide-ranging and routine use of chatbots, and the importance of anthropomorphism in chatbot design and implementation. Physicians also need to recognize potential negative consequences of anthropomorphism of chatbots on mental health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.