Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41060052›Full record

ArticlePlant biotechnology journal2026

The Rhus chinensis Genome Provides Insights Into Tannin, Flavonoid Biosynthesis, and Glandular Trichome Development.

Zhaogeng Lu, Helin Zou, Jiawen Cui, Tongfei Wang, Lingyu Ma, Shixiong Ren, Yiwei Cao, Xi Zhang, Zixi Chen, Hongyan Bao and 10 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Plant biotechnology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Zhaogeng LuCollege of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Helin ZouCollege of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Jiawen CuiCollege of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Tongfei WangCollege of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Lingyu MaBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
Shixiong RenCollege of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Yiwei CaoCollege of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Xi ZhangBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
Zixi ChenCollege of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Hongyan BaoCollege of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Ling ZhuCollege of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Yaning CuiBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
Ruili LiBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5112-3201
Xiuyan YangInstitute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.
Qikun ZhangKaitai-Bio Company, Hangzhou, China.
Zhili WangSchool of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Wangxiang ZhangCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
Li WangCollege of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1688-064X
Jinxing LinBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9338-1356
Biao JinCollege of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-334X

Funding

High-level Talent Support Project of Yangzhou UniversityNational Natural Science Foundation of China 32202524National Natural Science Foundation of China 32471931National Natural Science Foundation of China and DFG 31761133009Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK20220574Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities B13007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The "salt tree", Rhus chinensis, holds significant economic and medicinal value due to its ability to produce Galla chinensis (Chinese gall/gallnut), a plant-derived medicinal material used in both traditional Chinese and modern medicine that is rich in tannins and flavonoids. It is also renowned for its remarkable stress tolerance. However, the genetic basis underlying its tannin and flavonoid biosynthesis and stress adaptation remains largely unexplored. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of R. chinensis with a size of 357.62 Mb. A significant expansion of defence-related genes, particularly those involved in chitin catabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis, explains the tree's extensive environmental adaptability. We identified key genes involved in tannin biosynthesis and hydrolysis, with RcTA1 playing a central role in gallic acid accumulation, a precursor of hydrolyzable tannins. Notably, RcDIV1 promotes tannin hydrolysis by directly activating RcTA1 transcription. Additionally, we uncovered that well-developed multicellular glandular trichomes, regulated by RcGL2, along with an expanded array of transporters (e.g., ABCGs) and an enhanced ABA response, play critical roles in mediating salt tolerance. These factors collectively drive the production of salt-like secretions, including phenolic and organic acids, which coat the fruit surface. Our study provides profound insights into the genetic mechanisms governing abundant tannin accumulation, flavonoid biosynthesis, glandular trichome development, and stress resilience, offering valuable genetic resources for improving the medicinal and ecological traits of this species.

Indexed as

FlavonoidsGenome, PlantRhusTanninsTrichomesGene Expression Regulation, PlantPlant ProteinsFlavonoidsPlant ProteinsTanninsflavonoid biosynthesisGalla chinensisgenomeglandular trichomeRhus chinensisstress adaptationtannin biosynthesistransporters

Identifiers

PMID41060052
PMCPMC12946449

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.