Trial reportPsychophysiology2025
Effects of Olfactory Learning Context Reactivation During Sleep on Training Success in a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Sensorimotor Rhythm Neurofeedback Protocol: A Pilot Study.
Trial report in Psychophysiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neurofeedback training (NFT) is used to modulate brain activity for therapeutic purposes in different patient populations. However, tested training protocols vary in several aspects, and the results of therapeutic benefit have been heterogeneous. The aim of the current study was to compare a SMR against a random frequency protocol and potentially strengthen NFT effects via olfactory context reactivation during sleep in a compact training protocol. 49 participants (mean age: 24.7 years; 29 women) without any neurological or psychiatric disorder were randomly (double-blind) assigned to three groups: sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) with or without context reactivation, or random frequencies with reactivation during sleep. Within 2 weeks, participants underwent eight training sessions (12 × 2 min training intervals) and slept three nights in the sleep lab. NFT sessions were scheduled every day or every other day for practical reasons. Nights two and three were used for reactivation. SMR training success was assessed at baseline, post treatment, and follow-up after 10 months. Neurofeedback was provided as pixelated video, which became clearer with better training performance. Although SMR amplitude did not significantly increase, NFT training seemed to have an effect on alpha amplitude over the course of training (p = 0.08), and both SMR groups showed by tendency improved objective sleep (e.g., higher sleep efficiency in night 2 vs. baseline night, p
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.