ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Analysis of refractive development characteristics in school-age children based on biometric measurements: a cross-sectional study involving 12,025 primary school students from Xingtai City.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of exercise on myopia in children and adolescents and its modifying factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Physical Exercise Combined with Accommodative Training on Visual Acuity and Ocular Biometric Parameters in Children Aged 6-7.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Analysis of the factors influencing the treatment zone area after overnight orthokeratology lens wearing.Journal of optometry · 2026Article
- [A population-based survey of myopia on primary school students in an administrative district, 2019 to 2024].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate refractive development, myopia prevalence trends, and correction status among 6-12-year-old primary students in Xingtai, Hebei, China, and provide evidence for childhood myopia interventions. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 12,025 eligible students (6-12 years) from 11 schools (2022-2023). Refractive status was assessed via non-cycloplegic autorefraction (NIDEK AR-1), with ocular biometry [axial length (AL), keratometry (K)]. Diagnostic criteria: spherical equivalent (SE) < -0.50D (myopia), Results: Visual impairment prevalence was 65.65% (7,895/12,025), rising significantly from 58.00% (Grade 1) to 75.75% (Grade 6). Myopia prevalence increased from 30.41% to 68.78% (overall 51.69%). SE shifted myopically (-1.46 ± 1.84D overall; Grade 1: -0.66 ± 1.54D vs. Grade 6: -2.20 ± 2.01D). AL increased with grade (23.64 ± 1.07 mm overall; 22.95 ± 0.83 mm to 24.13 ± 1.12 mm), while corneal curvature remained stable (43.39 ± 1.51D; inter-grade variation <0.13D). The AL/corneal radius ratio correlated linearly with SE (3.02 ± 0.17 overall; 2.95 ± 0.10 to 3.08 ± 0.14). Conclusion: Vision impairment and myopia prevalence show higher prevalence in older age groups in Xingtai primary students. Suboptimal refractive correction rates highlight clinical challenges. AL progression and stable corneal curvature suggest axial elongation drives myopia. The AL/corneal radius ratio's correlation with SE underscores its potential as a predictor for myopia progression, aiding risk prediction model development.
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