Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41058918›Full record

ArticleACS electrochemistry2025

Coupled Benchtop NMR and EPR Spectroscopy Reveals the Electronic Structure of Viologen Radicals in a Redox Flow Battery.

Giu A Silva Testa, Mathijs A Damhuis, Tom Speelman, Kim Baas, Johannes A A W Elemans, Evan Wenbo Zhao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ACS electrochemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Giu A Silva TestaMagnetic Resonance Research Center, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9946-4116
Mathijs A DamhuisMagnetic Resonance Research Center, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2661-6745
Tom SpeelmanTheoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-5381
Kim BaasMagnetic Resonance Research Center, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4040-0718
Johannes A A W ElemansSpectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3825-7218
Evan Wenbo ZhaoMagnetic Resonance Research Center, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-8603

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Viologens are a class of organic molecules with promising properties for redox flow battery applications. However, their molecular-level mechanisms remain challenging to fully probe and understand. In particular, the role of π-dimerization of singly reduced radicals is still debated, with conflicting views on its impact on battery performance. The electronic structure of a viologen radical in a working redox flow battery has remained elusive. Magnetic resonance spectroscopies offer powerful methods for studying flow batteries in

Indexed as

operando EPRoperando NMRredox flow batteryviologen

Identifiers

PMID41058918
PMCPMC12498384

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.