Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41058861›Full record

SynthesisJournal of nursing management2025

Empowering Healthcare Heroes: Unveiling the Impact of Self-Efficacy on Combating Outsider Mistreatment-A Systematic Review.

Elena Cavallari, Ilaria Setti, Valentina Sommovigo

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of nursing management, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Elena CavallariDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.ORCID 0009-0008-5798-5214
Ilaria SettiDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7901-4226
Valentina SommovigoDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9273-5706

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The healthcare sector is increasingly experiencing a rise in mistreatment from patients and visitors, a trend that has been intensified in recent years. This systematic literature review examines the relationship between outsider mistreatment and self-efficacy, a vital resource that helps professionals cope with socially stressful situations. Method: Following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines, 24 quantitative observational and experimental studies, published between 2005 and 2024, were selected from the PsycInfo, PubMed, and Scopus databases through a structured search strategy. Eligibility for inclusion was established based on predefined criteria for both inclusion and exclusion. The methodological quality of the studies and the overall quality of evidence for the review were evaluated using the mixed methods appraisal tool and the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation, respectively. A narrative synthesis approach was employed to analyze and integrate the findings. Results: While the direct relationship between self-efficacy and mistreatment remains complex, self-efficacy-whether general or domain-specific-plays a protective role in mitigating the negative effects of outsider mistreatment on healthcare professionals' well-being in most studies. Interventions focusing on aggression management and enhancing self-efficacy have proven effective, with some studies reporting lasting benefits over time. Conclusion: This review represents the first comprehensive examination of the relationship between self-efficacy and outsider mistreatment in healthcare settings, emphasizing its role within a broader resource framework. A multifaceted approach, integrating self-efficacy-enhancing interventions with organizational strategies, is crucial for improving healthcare workers' well-being. Implications for Nursing Management: Experiential training in aggression management and emotional regulation can strengthen nurses' self-efficacy in handling aggressive patients or visitors. Beyond enforcing zero-tolerance policies and streamlined reporting systems, nursing leadership could provide support networks and debriefing opportunities. Combining personal and organizational strategies helps build a supportive work environment and a more resilient nursing workforce.

Indexed as

EmpowermentHealth PersonnelSelf EfficacyHumansWorkplacehealth personnelincivilityoccupational healthself-efficacysystematic reviewworkplace violence

Identifiers

PMID41058861
PMCPMC12500376

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.