ReviewTrends in immunology2026
A mother's touch: microbial guardians of early immune imprinting.
Review in Trends in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Association between initial empirical antibiotic therapy and necrotizing enterocolitis in very preterm infants at different risk for early-onset sepsis: a multicenter cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in immunomodulation and gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The evolution of the fetal immune system within the womb is a delicate balancing act: it is trained to not reject maternal antigens, while equipping itself with 'learned' immunity to survive and thrive in the outside world. In this opinion article, we propose that a deliberate maternal touch via immune and nutritional influences, orchestrated, in part, by microbiota-derived components, imprints the fetal immune system with the needed immune memory and epigenetic marks to navigate a far less nurturing outside world, including early microbial colonizers in the newborn's intestine, pathogens and irritants, and allergens in food. We redefine the hygiene hypothesis to include prenatal maternal microbial exposures, priming fetal immune development for long-term fitness and reduced inflammatory/autoimmune disease risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.