Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41058038›Full record

ArticleImmunology2026

Characterising the Transcriptomic Response to Interferon and Infection in European Domestic Ferret Respiratory Tissues Using Long-Read RNA Sequencing.

Rubaiyea Farrukee, Jessie J-Y Chang, Jianshu Zhang, James B Barnes, Shu Xin Zhang, Sher Maine Tan, Patrick C Reading, Lachlan J M Coin

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rubaiyea FarrukeeDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia.
Jessie J-Y ChangDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia.
Jianshu ZhangDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0009-0008-0871-5197
James B BarnesWHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Shu Xin ZhangDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia.
Sher Maine TanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia.
Patrick C ReadingDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia.
Lachlan J M CoinDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-4300-455X

Funding

University of MelbourneWHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The European domestic ferret ( Mustela putorius furo ) is considered the gold standard small animal model for studying human and avian influenza virus infections. However, experimental characterisation of the transcriptomic response to interferon (IFN) stimulation and/or influenza virus infection has been limited, particularly in defining the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), with most being computationally predicted. In this study, we present a comprehensive transcriptome-wide assessment of the ferret transcriptome following IFN-α treatment of a ferret lung (FRL) cell line, as well as in nasal turbinates from influenza A virus (IAV)-infected ferrets using long-read RNA sequencing. We have identified a panel of ferret genes orthologous to human ISGs that are upregulated both in response to IFN-α stimulation in vitro and IAV infection in vivo. We have also identified novel IFN-stimulated genes and transcripts. Furthermore, we observed elongation of the poly(A) tails of genes in the ribosome and Coronavirus Disease-19 pathways in response to IFN-α treatment in vitro, suggesting a relationship between poly(A) elongation and the antiviral responses of the host. These results illuminate the dynamics of the transcriptional innate immune response of the domestic ferret and provide an important resource for better utilising ferrets as a small animal model to study influenza virus infections.

Indexed as

FerretsInfluenza A virusInterferon-alphaLungOrthomyxoviridae InfectionsTranscriptomeAnimalsCell LineDisease Models, AnimalGene Expression ProfilingHumansSequence Analysis, RNAInterferon-alpha

Identifiers

PMID41058038
PMCPMC12779454

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.