SynthesisBMC infectious diseases2025
The efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increasing demand for comprehensive data on vaccine effectiveness disaggregated by country. Such information will provide insights into national immunization policy differences and lay the groundwork for future pandemic readiness plans. This study evaluates the efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in Iran.
methodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to February 1, 2025. Studies assessing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness or efficacy in Iran without restrictions on variants or vaccine platforms were included in the systematic review. Meta-analysis using the random effects model was performed to estimate the pooled effectiveness of combined vaccination platforms against hospital admission and death outcomes.
resultsTwo randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 11 observational studies were included in the systematic review, and five observational studies were included in the meta-analysis. Based on the meta-analysis, considering all vaccination platforms combined, the pooled effectiveness of 2-dose COVID-19 vaccines against hospital admission and death was 51.1% (21.8 to 69.5) and 55.7% (-1.5 to 80.7), respectively. Against infection, RCTs reported efficacies of 50.2% and 49.7%, while observational studies reported effectiveness ranging from 63.9% to 87.1% for different vaccines.
conclusionVaccine effectiveness varied substantially across the studies, with unique patterns related to Iran's situation during the pandemic, including the high number of different deployed vaccines. The lack of sufficient studies and high heterogeneity between the included studies have limited the understanding of COVID-19 vaccines' effectiveness in Iran.
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