Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41057696›Full record

ArticleCommunications psychology2025

Everyday norms have become more permissive over time and vary across cultures.

Kimmo Eriksson, Pontus Strimling, Irina Vartanova, Brent Simpson, Minna Persson, Khalid Ahmed Abdi, Neta Ad, Alisher Aldashev, Habib Mohammad Ali, Maurizio Alì and 154 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

164 authors.

Kimmo ErikssonInstitute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden. kimmo.eriksson@mdu.se.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7164-0924
Pontus StrimlingInstitute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9750-5835
Irina VartanovaInstitute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden.
Brent SimpsonDepartment of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9468-157X
Minna PerssonInstitute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-2474
Khalid Ahmed AbdiCenter for Research, Publication and Community Service, University of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, Somaliland.
Neta AdDepartment of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel.
Alisher AldashevInternational School of Economics, Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Habib Mohammad AliDepartment of Media Studies and Journalism, University of Liberal Arts, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-7940
Maurizio AlìInstitut national supérieur du professorat et de l'éducation de Martinique, Université des Antilles, Fort-de-France, Martinique, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7294-1422
Khatai AliyevUNEC Empirical Research Center, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Baku, Azerbaijan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8161-6269
Yasser M H A AlrefaeeAlbaydha University, Al Bayda, Yemen.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9817-222X
Alberth Estuardo Alvarado OrtizDepartment of Applied Mathematics, Universidad Galileo, Guatemala City, Guatemala.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-7125
Per A AnderssonJEDILab, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7445-2008
Giulia AndrighettoInstitute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden.
Gizem ArikanTrinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2083-7321
John Jamir Benzon R ArutaDepartment of Psychology, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines.
Christian Lutete AyikwaDépartement d'Administration des Affaires, Faculté d'Administration des Affaires et Sciences Economiques, Université Protestante au Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5454-2644
Jonatan Baños-ChaparroUniversidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Lima, Peru.
Davide BarreraDepartment of Culture, Politics and Society, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-5073
Justina BarsyteAdCogito Institute for Advanced Behavioral Research, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Birzhan BatkeyevInternational School of Economics, Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Azma BatoolForman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan.
Elizaveta BerezinaDepartment of Psychology, Sunway University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1972-8133
Stéphanie Ngandu BiminaDépartement de Gestion d'Entreprises, Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de la Gombe, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-8941-3501
Marie BjörnstjernaDepartment of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Sheyla BlumenDepartment of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9960-7413
Paweł BoskiFaculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0984-5686
Eva BoštjančičSocial Psychology and Policy Lab, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-814X
Yap BoumHomegrown Solutions For Health, Research Department, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Marie BriguglioDepartment of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Management and Accountancy, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-795X
Kagonbe BrunoCEFOD Business School, N'Djamena, Chad.
Huyen Thi Thu BuiFaculty of Psychology and Education, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Tomás Caycho-RodríguezFacultad de Psicología, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5349-7570
Yanyan ChenCAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Manase Kudzai ChiwesheUniversity of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-6633
Hoon-Seok ChoiSungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
Carlos C Contreras-IbáñezDepartamento de Sociología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-2587
Dinka ČorkaloDepartment of Psychology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2954-4349
Christian E Cruz-TorresDepartment of Psychology, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4286-4697
Andrea CzakóCentre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-0524
Piyanjali de ZoysaFaculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7382-6503
Zsolt DemetrovicsCentre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5604-7551
Bojana M DinićDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5492-2188
Saša DračeDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7340-5397
Rita W El-HaddadDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, American University of Kuwait, Salmiya, Kuwait.
Jan B EngelmannAmsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6493-8792
Ignacio Escudero PérezUniversidad Católica del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Hyun EuhGies College of Business, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0972-1640
Xia FangDepartment of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8485-2910
Celine FrankDepartment of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4583-4119
Esteban FreidinInstituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur (IIESS), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9521-3655
Marta FulopHUN-REN Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5020-041X
Vladimer GamsakhurdiaIvane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Mauro Alberto García JiménezFacultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-9784-5459
Ragna B GardarsdottirFaculty of Psychology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3368-4616
Alin GavreliucDepartment of Psychology, West University of Timisoara, Timișoara, Romania.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8411-0327
Colin Mathew Hugues D GillUniversal College Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3225-246X
Biljana GjoneskaMacedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, North Macedonia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1200-6672
Andreas GlöcknerDepartment of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7766-4791
Sylvie GrafInstitute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7810-5457
Ani GrigoryanDepartment of Personality Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.
Katarzyna GrowiecFaculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-2561
Brian W HaasDepartment of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-448X
Geoffrey HaddockSchool of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Stavros P HadjisolomouDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, American University of Kuwait, Salmiya, Kuwait.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0861-2066
Nina HadžiahmetovićDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7617-3122
Mohammad Hosein Haji Mohammad AliDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-8841-946X
Eemeli HakoköngäsDiscipline of Social Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4828-2276
Peter HalamaCenter for Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-4845
Given HapundaUniversity of Zambia, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Lusaka, Zambia.
Andree HartantoSchool of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8758-6400
Mahsa HazratiDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3218-7143
Boris Christian Herbas-TorricoTecnologico de Monterrey, Department of Industrial Engineering, Guadalajara, Mexico.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7764-0186
Szilárd HolkaInstituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur (IIESS), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-8505-8153
Martina HřebíčkováInstitute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8700-1326
John A HunterDepartment of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Moudachirou IbikounleCentre de Recherche pour la lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales (CReMIT/TIDRC), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-1729
Dzintra IliskoInstitute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia.
Harpa Lind Hjördísar JónsdóttirFaculty of Psychology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9160-8967
Zivile KaminskieneAdCogito Institute for Advanced Behavioral Research, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Hansika KapoorDepartment of Psychology, Monk Prayogshala, Mumbai, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-7752
Iva KapovićDepartment of Psychology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Gassemi KarimENCG - University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-2267
Kerry KawakamiDepartment of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada.
Narine KhachatryanDepartment of Personality Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3590-7131
Julian B KirschnerAmsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jonah KirujaCenter for Research, Publication and Community Service, University of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, Somaliland.
Toko KiyonariSchool of Social Informatics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-4818
Michal KohútFaculty of Philosophy and Arts, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4544-1331
Shazia KousarDepartment of Economics, Lahore College for Women University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Besnik KrasniqiDepartment of Management, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2440-3974
Ludovic LadoCEFOD Business School, N'Djamena, Chad.
Miguel Landa-BlancoSchool of Psychological Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Barbara LandonWindward Islands Research and Education Foundation, St. Georges University, True Blue, West Indies, Grenada.
Žan LepSocial Psychology and Policy Lab, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0130-4543
Lisa M LeslieStern School of Business, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Yang LiSchool of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-3279
Kadi LiikTallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-9893
Ming-Jen LinDepartment of Economics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7174-2226
Marlon Elías Lobos RiveraUniversidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador.
Wilson López-LópezPontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2964-0402
Edona MalokuIndependent Researcher, Prishtina, Kosovo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-8671
Mohona MandalDepartment of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Bernardo Ananias ManhiqueEduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.
Nathan Mpeti MbendeDépartement d'Administration des Affaires, Faculté d'Administration des Affaires et Sciences Economiques, Université Protestante au Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Imed MedhioubDepartment of Finance, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-7330
Maria Luisa Mendes TeixeiraUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0606-1723
J Paola Merchán TamayoDepartment of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Linda Lila MohammedInstitute of Criminology and Public Safety, University of Trinidad and Tobago, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
Schontal N MooreSchool of Education, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7689-3579
Bahar MoraligilLoughborough Business School, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
Nijat MuradzadaUNEC Empirical Research Center, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Baku, Azerbaijan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-4354-3685
Herwin NandaHomegrown Solutions For Health, Research Department, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Ekaterina NastinaRonald F. Inglehart Laboratory for Comparative Social Research, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
Pegah NejatDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1410-9720
Daniel NettleInstitut Jean Nicod, Département d'études cognitives, ENS-PSL, CNRS, Paris, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9089-2599
Orlando Julio Andre NipassaEduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-6207
Martin Noe-GrijalvaEscuela de Psicología, Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo, Peru.
Pie NtampakaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Nyagatare city, Rwanda.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-1091
Rodrigue NtoneHomegrown Solutions For Health, Research Department, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Ravit NussinsonDepartment of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel.
Milan OljačaDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Nneoma G OnyedireDepartment of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4941-2300
Ike E OnyishiDepartment of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Penny PanagiotopoulouDepartment of Educational Sciences and Social Work, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
Daybel Pañellas AlvarezFacultad de Psicologìa, Universidad de La Habana, Habana, Cuba.
Md Shahin ParvezDepartment of Sociology, First Capital University of Bangladesh, Chuadanga, Bangladesh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0164-3580
Gian Luca PasinInstitute for Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Rome, Italy.
Ivana PedovićDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.
Pablo Pérez de LeónUniversidad Católica del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-6785-2518
Lorena R Perez FlorianoFacultad de Administración y Economía, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6898-7794
Nada Pop-JordanovaMacedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, North Macedonia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-8558
Jose Roberto PortilloDepartment of Applied Mathematics, Universidad Galileo, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Angela PotangDepartment of Psychology, Moldova State University, Chisinau, Moldova.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-8457
Adolfo Quesada-RománSchool of Geography, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6601-5254
Jana L RaverSmith School of Business, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5855-7181
Ricardo B RodriguesInstituto Universitário de Lisboa ISCTE-IUL, CIS, Lisbon, Portugal.
Juan Diego Rodríguez-RomeroPontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5212-2478
Sara RomanòDepartment of Culture, Politics and Society, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5912-7060
Robert M RossDepartment of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8711-1675
Nachita RosunBrunel University, London, UK.
Selka SadikovićDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Alvaro San MartinIESE Business School, University of Navarra, Madrid, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-3214
Snežana SmederevacDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3780-0576
Sarah Jane SmithSchool of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Natalia SobolevaRonald F. Inglehart Laboratory for Comparative Social Research, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
Daniel Erena SonessaSchool of Journalism and Communication, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Samantha K StanleyUNSW Institute for Climate Risk & Response, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Kristina StoyanovaResearch Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Drozdstoy StoyanovResearch Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-3680
Kosuke TakemuraFaculty of Economics, Shiga University, Hikone, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6143-1213
John ThøgersenDepartment of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0613-8062
Habib TiliouineFaculty of Social Sciences, University of Oran2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed, Oran, Algeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9714-8041
Hans TungDepartment of Political Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5332-7582
Tungalag UlambayarZoological Society of London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9785-8585
Elze Marija UzdavinyteAdCogito Institute for Advanced Behavioral Research, Vilnius, Lithuania.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1180-1404
Randall WaechterCaribbean Center for Child Neurodevelopment at WINDREF, True Blue, West Indies, Grenada.
Yi-Ting WangDepartment of Political Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Junhui WuCAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-3595
Brice Martial YambioInstitut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-3298
Eric YanksonNamibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.
Kuang-Hui YehInstitute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3839-7042
Paul A M Van LangeVU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-6984

Funding

Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation) 2022.0191
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Every social situation that people encounter in their daily lives comes with a set of unwritten rules about what behavior is considered appropriate or inappropriate. These everyday norms can vary across societies: some societies may have more permissive norms in general or for certain behaviors, or for certain behaviors in specific situations. In a preregistered survey of 25,422 participants across 90 societies, we map societal differences in 150 everyday norms and show that they can be explained by how societies prioritize individualizing moral foundations such as care and liberty versus binding moral foundations such as purity. Specifically, societies with more individualistic morality tend to have more permissive norms in general (greater liberty) and especially for behaviors deemed vulgar (less purity), but they exhibit less permissive norms for behaviors perceived to have negative consequences in specific situations (greater care). By comparing our data with available data collected twenty years ago, we find a global pattern of change toward more permissive norms overall but less permissive norms for the most vulgar and inconsiderate behaviors. This study explains how social norms vary across behaviors, situations, societies, and time.

Identifiers

PMID41057696
PMCPMC12504534

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