ArticleNPJ digital medicine2025
The evaluation illusion of large language models in medicine.
Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Fine-Tuning, Retrieval-Augmented Generation, and Hybrid Adaptation of Language Models for Clinical Decision-Making in Health Care: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Application of Large Language Models in Chronic Disease Care: Mixed Methods Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Preliminary Evaluation of a Large Language Model-Powered Chatbot for Osteoporosis Self-Management Education: Formative Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2026Trial
- Using AI to offer personalized health advice.Nature · 2026Article
- The consensus-based CINEX guideline for reporting clinical information extraction studies.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026Article
- Process-Oriented, Behaviorally Anchored Assessment of Clinical Reasoning in Large Language Models and the Effect of Extended Thinking: Protocol for a Prospective, Multigroup, Comparative Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- "Small" Large Language Models in the Hospital: Evaluation Study on Real-World Data in a Resource-Constrained Setting.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Evaluating foundation models on official German medical licensing examinations: Implications for high-stakes assessment and AI-assisted medical education.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Performance of large language models as a source of clinical information on bacteriophage therapy.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Development of an LLM pipeline exceeding physician-documented cardiovascular risk scores under routine clinical conditions.European heart journal. Digital health · 2026Article
- Large language models as a screening tool for the qualification of patients with Parkinson's disease for device-aided therapies.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Structured reasoning failures compromise LLM interpretation of clinical oncology notes.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Research through Evaluation for Large Language Model in Patient-Clinician Communications.Research square · 2026Article
- Rare-Disease Diagnosis on the ZebraMap Multimodal Case Report Dataset: A Hybrid Pipeline with Grounded Explainability.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Large language models require a new form of oversight: capability-based monitoring.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Expert Evaluation and Consensus on GPT-4o Summaries of Clinical Letters: Validation and Results of the Framework and Implementation of AI Tools Project.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- Clinical Plausibility in Large Language Model Robustness Testing for Medicine: A Scoping Review.Journal of medical systems · 2026Article
- Article
- Development and comparative evaluation of knowledge graph-enhanced large language models for domain-specific question answering in nursing.BMC nursing · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.