Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41057556›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Characterization and safety evaluation of highly swellable polymeric nanomatrices for enhanced solubility of acyclovir.

Ayesha Umar, Kashif Barkat, Syed Faisal Badshah, Syed Nisar Hussain Shah, Irfan Anjum, Muhammad Umer Ashraf, Muhammad Aamir, Zulcaif, Musaab Dauelbait, Mohammad Khalid and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ayesha UmarFaculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Kashif BarkatFaculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. kashif.barkat@pharm.uol.edu.pk.
Syed Faisal BadshahDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 12350, Pakistan. faisal.badshah@upr.edu.pk.
Syed Nisar Hussain ShahQuaid-e-Azam College of Pharmacy, Ravi Institute, Sahiwal, Pakistan.
Irfan AnjumDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad Umer AshrafFaculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad AamirFaculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
ZulcaifDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Rasul, Mandi Bahauddin, 50380, Pakistan.
Musaab DauelbaitUniversity of Bahr el Ghazal, Freedowm Stree, Wau, 91113, South Sudan. musaabelnaim@gmail.com.
Mohammad KhalidDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia.
Amira MetouekelEA 4297 TIMR, University of Technology of Compiègne, 60205, Compiègne Cedex, France.
Abdullah R AlanziCenter for Research on Medicinal, Aromatic, and Poisonous Plants, DSR, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Solubility is one of the most important factors for therapeutic agents to show significant pharmacological response. Drugs that suffer from poor aqueous solubility are not absorbed in significant concentrations and hence their bioavailability is compromised and effectiveness of the drug is disrupted. In order to achieve the maximum absorption and significant bioavailability, solubility of the drug has to be enhanced. For this purpose, nanomatrices were formulated by free radical polymerization technique in order to enhance the solubility of acyclovir. The formulated nanomatrices were structurally characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) and Particle Size Analysis. For in-vitro characterization, sol-gel fraction, swelling, in-vitro drug release and solubility studies of the formulated nanomatrices were carried out. Toxicity study was also performed in rabbits in order to access the biocompatibility of the formulated system with biological systems. According to FTIR spectroscopy, the unloaded and drug loaded nanomatrices were having specific functional groups of the individual components. According to SEM, the formulated nanomatrices were feasible for efficient loading of the drug while PXRD confirmed amorphous nature of the formulated nanomatrices. Average particle size of the formulated nanomatrices was 282.4 ± 09.43 nm, confirming the nano-sized particles. According to swelling and drug release studies, it was observed that nanomatrices showed pH responsiveness and showed enhanced swelling and drug release in pH 6.8 as compared to pH 1.2. The optimized formulation showed a significant increase in the solubility of the drug as compared to the drug alone while toxicity study confirmed the biocompatibility of the system with the biological systems. Statistical analysis was also applied to determine the level of significance.

Indexed as

AcyclovirAntiviral AgentsDrug CarriersNanoparticlesPolymersAnimalsDrug LiberationMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningParticle SizeRabbitsSolubilitySpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredX-Ray DiffractionAcyclovirAntiviral AgentsDrug CarriersPolymersAcyclovirFree radical polymerizationNanomatricesSolubilityToxicity

Identifiers

PMID41057556
PMCPMC12504755

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.