Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41055688›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026

The Role of Medicare Insurance Coverage Type in Annual Wellness Visits: A Comparison Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage Plan.

Zhang Zhang, Nancy L Schoenborn, Katherine E M Miller, Jennifer L Wolff, Daniel Polsky

Erratum issuedAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zhang ZhangDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. zzhan356@jhu.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-9344-6578
Nancy L SchoenbornDivision of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Katherine E M MillerDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jennifer L WolffDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Daniel PolskyDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

Health Services and Outcomes Research for Aging PopulationsT32AG066576 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CYNTHIA Melinda BOYD, Jennifer L. Wolff · 2020 to 2026
$3.8M
NIA NIH HHS T32 AG066576
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (AWVs) was introduced in 2011 as a preventive services visit. AWV uptake has been increasing but remains disproportionately low among vulnerable populations in Traditional Medicare (TM). However, less is known about the differential uptake of the AWV by Medicare insurance coverage type-a consequence of the increasing beneficiary enrollment shifts from TM to Medicare Advantage (MA) plans.

objectiveThis study aims to quantify the differential effects of Medicare insurance coverage type (MA versus TM) on AWV uptake for key subpopulations.

designWe used 20% nationally representative Medicare insurance claims data from 2018 to 2019. Probit models assessed the likelihood of AWV uptake, with subgroup analyses by age, race/ethnicity, dual eligibility, chronic conditions, and ADRD status.

participantsWe included 8,799,206 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older, among whom 41.2% were enrolled in MA, and 58.8% were enrolled in TM. MAIN MEASURES: The outcome is whether to have an AWV; the independent variable is the Medicare insurance coverage type. KEY

resultsOver 1/3 (37.3%) of beneficiaries received an AWV in 2019. MA enrollees were 4.3 percentage points more likely to receive an AWV than TM enrollees (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed higher AWV uptake in MA across all key subgroups of interest (all p < 0.001), with the largest differences among the oldest-old adults aged above 85 + (5.6 percentage points), dual eligibles (11.5 percentage points), Black beneficiaries (8.9 percentage points), and those with ADRD (6.6 percentage points).

conclusionEnrollment in an MA plan is associated with a higher probability of AWV uptake, particularly among vulnerable populations from racial and ethnic minorities, dual eligibility, and those diagnosed with ADRD. These findings highlight MA's potential role in promoting preventive care and health equity. Future studies need to examine whether higher AWV uptake leads to improved patient outcomes in MA plans.

Indexed as

Insurance CoverageMedicareMedicare Part CPreventive Health ServicesAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleUnited States

Identifiers

PMID41055688
PMCPMC13083681

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.