ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2026
Persistent Increased Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Inflammation in People With HIV Years After Tuberculosis.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Comparative innate immune responses across major RNA and DNA viral infections: Mechanisms, immunopathology, and therapeutic perspectives.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPeople living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) who have a history of cured tuberculosis have worse outcomes, including increased all-cause mortality rate and risk of recurrent tuberculosis. We hypothesized that persistent and global immune deficits could contribute to these outcomes in people with a history of tuberculosis.
methodsWe completed FLEX Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing (FLEX-CITE-Seq) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of people living with HIV with (n = 6) or without (n = 3) a history of tuberculosis at GHESKIO Centers in Haiti. We subtyped dendritic cells using flow cytometry and quantitated cytokines on an expanded cohort (n = 29) to confirm FLEX-CITE-Seq findings.
resultsCell types with significantly differential levels of expression for >40 genes all had overrepresentation of a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated pathway. In an expanded cohort of 29 people living with HIV, we found a larger percentage of plasmacytoid dendritic cells by flow cytometry and increased plasma interleukin 6, 12p70, 15, and 2, interferon α, and TNF levels in the tuberculosis history group (n = 18) than in the group with no history of tuberculosis (n = 11).
conclusionsA proinflammatory milieu and immune cell gene expression changes mediated by TNF persist in people living with HIV even years after tuberculosis is cured. It remains to be determined whether the differences are preexisting risk factors or are established during the natural history of HIV and tuberculosis infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.