A Case Report of a Giant Placental Chorioangioma: Prenatal Diagnosis and Perinatal Outcome.

Chorioangiomas are benign placental vascular tumors, most commonly detected during antenatal ultrasound screening. While small lesions are often clinically insignificant, giant chorioangiomas defined as those exceeding 4 cm in diameter can be associated with serious fetal and maternal complications, including fetal anemia, thrombocytopenia, fetal heart failure, fetal hydrops, placentomegaly, polyhydramnios, maternal mirror syndrome, fetal demise, and neonatal death. Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging aid in differentiating these tumors from other placental lesions. Treatment is tailored according to gestational age, tumor size, and associated complications. Small asymptomatic lesions may require only routine surveillance, whereas large or symptomatic chorioangiomas can necessitate interventions such as intrauterine transfusion, amnioreduction, or more advanced procedures like fetoscopic-assisted ablation or embolization. We present the case of a 30-year-old primigravida (G1P0) diagnosed with a large placental chorioangioma and polyhydramnios at 28 weeks of gestation during a routine growth ultrasound, who was referred to our tertiary care center for further management. The patient underwent two ultrasound-guided amnioreduction procedures for symptomatic polyhydramnios. At 31 weeks of gestation, she experienced preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), followed by spontaneous labor, and subsequently delivered via cesarean section. A preterm neonate was born with favorable immediate postnatal outcomes. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and individualized, timely management in reducing fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality associated with large placental chorioangiomas. By detailing the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic decisions in a case complicated by polyhydramnios, this report aims to contribute meaningful insight to the existing literature.