ArticleCureus2025
Magnitude and Determinants of Dry Eye Syndrome Among Persons With Diabetes Mellitus.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Diabetic dry eye: advances in pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo present the prevalence and determinants of dry eye syndrome (DES) among adult Saudi persons with diabetes at a diabetes centre in central Saudi Arabia.
methodThis cross-sectional study included diabetic patients attending a diabetic centre in 2018. The status of DES was based on the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. The prevalence of DES among patients with diabetes was estimated. The demographic and diabetes status were correlated with the OSDI score. Results: The DES was found in 237 of 276 persons with a prevalence of 85.9% (95% Confidence Interval 81.8; 90.0). The median OSDI score was 37.5 (Interquartile range (IQR) 20.8; 50). The median hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was 8.6 Mmol/mol (IQR, 7.7-9.7). The OSDI score was not significantly correlated with HbA1C level (Spearman r = 0.794). Age (P = 0.42), gender (P = 0.81), duration of diabetes (P = 0.1), smoking (P = 0.5), contact lens usage (P = 0.36), refractive surgery (P = 0.17), and allergy (P = 0.42) were not significantly associated with OSDI score. Those using insulin for diabetes had a significantly higher OSDI score than those using a type of hypoglycemic medication (P = 0.029). The coverage for care for DES among persons with diabetes was 32.1% only.
conclusionThe prevalence of DES was high among persons with diabetes. DES was not correlated with duration of diabetes, age, or other known risk factors for DES. Diabetic insulin users diabetic patients had a higher grade of DES compared to those controlling diabetes with oral hypoglycemic medications. Eye care for individuals with diabetes and DES is recommended.
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