ArticleCureus2025
Serum Vitamin D Level and Disease Activity in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Seasonal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in new childhood-onset SLE: associations with disease activity and peripheral lymphocyte subsets.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond traditional roles: vitamin D and erythropoietin as immune modulators in kidney diseases.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Micronutrients in Autoimmune Diseases: Shining a Light on Vitamin D, Cobalamin, Folate, and Iron Metabolism.Nutrients · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with variable clinical manifestations and disease activity. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D may play a role in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and disease activity in patients with SLE at Mandalay General Hospital.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 60 patients diagnosed with SLE. Disease activity was assessed using the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM) score. Serum vitamin D levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the National Health Laboratory, Mandalay. Patients were categorized into active and inactive disease groups based on SLAM scores, and intergroup comparisons were made.
resultsAmong the 60 patients, the majority (43.3%) were aged 21-30 years, with a mean ± SD age of 25.77 ± 7.98 years. Female patients predominated (98.3%; female-to-male ratio 59:1). The mean SLAM score was 9.25 ± 2.94. Common clinical features included anaemia (56.7%), skin rash (33.3%), mucosal ulcers (16.7%), arthritis (16.7%), serositis (11.7%), vasculitis (11.7%), and neuropsychiatric lupus (5%). Patients with active disease had significantly lower serum vitamin D levels (12.2 ± 1.36 ng/mL) compared to those with inactive disease (26.1 ± 10.22 ng/mL; t = 5.55, p < 0.0001). A moderate inverse correlation was observed between SLAM scores and vitamin D levels (Pearson's r = -0.51, p < 0.0001), suggesting a clinically meaningful association between lower vitamin D levels and higher disease activity.
conclusionThis study demonstrates a moderate inverse relationship between serum vitamin D levels and SLE disease activity. These findings suggest that vitamin D may serve as a potential biomarker for disease monitoring. However, due to the cross-sectional design and relatively small sample size, causality cannot be established. Further longitudinal studies are recommended.
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