Trial reportBMC anesthesiology2025
Propofol-esketamine versus propofol-fentanyl combinations for sedation in pediatric flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC anesthesiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparative safety of esketamine in procedural sedation and analgesia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Pooled it
- Ciprofol-Esketamine Versus Ciprofol-Remifentanil in Hysteroscopic Endometrial Polypectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to compare the incidence of transient hypoxemia between pediatric patients receiving either propofol/esketamine (PK) or propofol/fentanyl (PF) combination for sedation during bronchoscopy.
methodsThis was a prospective study including a total of 84 pediatric patients who underwent pediatric flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB). The participants were randomly assigned to either the propofol/fentanyl group (Group PF, n = 42) or the propofol/esketamine group (Group PK, n = 42) for sedation and analgesia. The primary outcome was the incidence of transient hypoxemia, defined as oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 90% lasting for 10 s. Secondary outcomes comprised hemodynamics during the procedure, including blood pressure and heart rate changes, coughing, recovery time, dosage of propofol, incidence of adverse events, and level of bronchoscopist satisfaction.
resultsThe incidence of hypoxemia was significantly lower in the Group PK compared to the Group PF (14.3% vs. 35.7%; p = 0.042). Hemodynamic parameters, including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate, were lower in the Group PF compared to the Group PK (p < 0.05); however, this difference was not clinically significant. Furthermore, coughing episodes were significantly reduced in the Group PK compared to Group PF (9.5% vs. 28.6%; p < 0.01). The Group PK had shorter recovery times and required more propofol compared to the Group PF (p < 0.05). Bronchoscopist satisfaction level was higher in the Group PK than Group PF (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (p > 0.05).
conclusionPropofol/esketamine sedation reduced the risk of hypoxemia during pediatric FFB compared to propofol/fentanyl, with additional benefits in cough suppression and hemodynamic stability. Therefore, the propofol/esketamine combination may offer a safer alternative for procedural sedation in pediatric FFB.
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