ArticleJournal of religion and health2026
Psychometric Properties of the Belief in Divine Retribution Scale: Turkish Version, Validity, and Reliability Study in Turkey.
Article in Journal of religion and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Belief systems significantly influence individuals' cognitive and emotional processes. Among these, belief in divine retribution notably affects moral behavior and provides a framework for interpreting life's challenges. This study aimed to adapt the Belief in Divine Retribution Scale (BDRS) into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties in a Turkish sample. Convergent validity was further evaluated by investigating the relationship between the BDRS and religious obsessions. This methodological study included 425 participants aged 18 years and older residing in Turkey. The adaptation process involved translation, back-translation, expert review, and pilot testing. The adaptation process followed established guidelines for cross-cultural validation of religious and spiritual measures. Data were collected using the Belief in Divine Retribution Scale, the Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity (PIOS), and a demographic questionnaire. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha (α). Convergent validity was analyzed with Pearson's correlation coefficients. The Turkish version maintained the original scale structure and identified a two-factor model: belief in divine reward (seven items) and belief in divine punishment (three items). The scale explained 64.9% of the total variance (KMO = 0.916; Bartlett's test, p < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable model fit (χ
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.